Differences between Nikon D5100 and Nikon D90
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Nikon D5100 vs. Nikon D90[edit]
The Nikon D5100 and Nikon D90 are digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras produced by Nikon. While the D90 was positioned as a mid-range model in the Nikon lineup at its 2008 release, the D5100 was released three years later in 2011 as an upper-entry-level camera.[1] The D5100 introduced a higher-resolution sensor and improved video capabilities, whereas the D90 retained hardware features found in professional-tier bodies, such as a built-in autofocus motor and secondary top-plate LCD.[2]
Comparison table[edit]
| Category | Nikon D5100 | Nikon D90 |
|---|---|---|
| Sensor resolution | 16.2 megapixels | 12.3 megapixels |
| Image processor | Expeed 2 | Expeed |
| Native ISO range | 100–6,400 (expandable to 25,600) | 200–3,200 (expandable to 6,400) |
| Maximum video resolution | 1080p (Full HD) at 30 fps | 720p (HD) at 24 fps |
| Rear LCD screen | 3.0-inch, articulated (921k dots) | 3.0-inch, fixed (921k dots) |
| Internal AF motor | No (requires AF-S/AF-P lenses) | Yes (supports AF-D screw-drive lenses) |
| Viewfinder type | Pentamirror (0.78x magnification) | Pentaprism (0.94x magnification) |
| Continuous shooting speed | 4.0 frames per second | 4.5 frames per second |
| Top LCD display | No | Yes |
| Weight (body only) | 510 g (1.12 lb) | 620 g (1.37 lb) |
Sensor and image quality[edit]
The D5100 utilizes a 16.2-megapixel APS-C CMOS sensor, the same component used in the Nikon D7000. This provides an increase in resolution over the 12.3-megapixel sensor in the D90. The Expeed 2 processor in the D5100 allows for higher native sensitivity, reaching ISO 6400 compared to the native ISO 3200 of the D90. In low-light environments, the D5100 produces lower noise levels at high ISO settings.[3]
Body design and ergonomics[edit]
Physical controls differ between the two models due to their target markets. The D90 features dual command dials (front and rear), which allow the user to adjust aperture and shutter speed independently in manual mode. It also includes a top-deck monochrome LCD for viewing exposure settings without using the rear screen.
The D5100 has a single command dial and lacks the top LCD. It is physically smaller and lighter than the D90. However, the D5100 includes a side-hinged articulated 3.0-inch LCD, allowing for shooting from high or low angles. The D90 utilizes a fixed LCD that cannot be tilted or rotated.
Lens compatibility and autofocus[edit]
A primary hardware distinction is the internal autofocus motor in the D90. This motor enables the camera to autofocus with older "AF" (D-type) lenses that rely on a mechanical screw-drive. The D5100 lacks this motor; autofocus is only available with AF-S or AF-P lenses that have their own internal motors. Both cameras use the Multi-CAM 1000 autofocus module with 11 focus points and a single cross-type sensor.
Video features[edit]
The D90 was the first DSLR to offer video recording, though it is limited to 720p resolution at 24 frames per second with monaural sound. The D5100 offers 1080p Full HD video recording at 24, 25, or 30 frames per second. The D5100 also includes a 3.5mm jack for external microphones, a feature the D90 lacks.
