Differences between Baptism and Christening

Differences between Baptism and Christening

The terms Baptism and Christening are often used interchangeably in contemporary language to refer to the Christian rite of initiation using water. Historically and within certain theological traditions, however, the terms carry distinct meanings. Baptism is the broader term for the sacrament of initiation into the Christian faith, while christening specifically refers to the naming ceremony that often accompanies the baptism of an infant.

The word "baptism" comes from the Greek word *baptizō*, which means "to dip," "to immerse," or "to wash." The practice has roots in Jewish ritual washing and is understood in Christianity as a symbolic act of purification from sin and rebirth into a new life in Christ. In contrast, "christening" is derived from the Old English word *cristnian*, meaning "to make Christian." This term became particularly associated with the baptism of infants, where they are officially given their Christian name.

While many Christian denominations practice a form of water initiation, their views on the age of the recipient and the meaning of the rite differ. Some denominations, such as Baptist and Pentecostal churches, practice believer's baptism, which is reserved for individuals who can make a conscious profession of faith. Other denominations, including the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican, and Methodist churches, practice infant baptism (paedobaptism). In these traditions, the ceremony is seen as a way to welcome a child into the faith community, with parents and godparents making promises on the child's behalf. The ceremonies for both baptism and christening share common elements, such as the use of water and the presence of family, friends, and godparents. The water may be applied by immersion, pouring, or sprinkling, and the ceremony is typically performed by a priest or minister. Both events are significant milestones in a Christian's life and are often followed by a celebratory gathering.

Comparison Table

Category	Baptism	Christening
Etymology	| From the Old English *cristnian*, meaning "to make Christian".
Primary Meaning	A sacrament of initiation and purification from sin.	A ceremony to name a child and welcome them into the Christian faith.
Age of Recipient	Can be performed on adults and, in some denominations, infants.	Primarily performed on infants.
Core Element	| The formal bestowing of a Christian name.
Sacramental View	| Not always considered a formal sacrament in itself, but a part of the baptismal ceremony.
Denominational Practice	Practiced by nearly all Christian denominations in some form.	More commonly used in traditions that practice infant baptism, such as Anglicanism and Catholicism.

Venn diagram comparing Differences between Baptism and Christening

Theological Significance

The central theological concept of baptism is one of spiritual rebirth and identification with the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. It is viewed as an outward sign of an inward grace, signifying the washing away of sin and the reception of the Holy Spirit. For denominations that practice believer's baptism, the act is a public declaration of personal faith and commitment to Christianity.

In traditions that practice infant baptism, the theology centers on the concept of covenant. Just as circumcision was the sign of the covenant in the Old Testament, baptism is seen as the sign of the new covenant in Christ. It is understood as God's grace being extended to the child, with the expectation that the child will later personally affirm their faith in a rite such as confirmation.

=== Naming Ceremony === The practice of a naming ceremony within the rite of initiation is where the term "christening" is most distinct. While not all baptisms include a formal naming element, a christening, by definition, does. The giving of a Christian name is seen as a significant part of the child's identity within the faith community. In many cultures, this is also the first public announcement of the child's given name.