Differences between First Degree Burns and Second Degree Burns
First-Degree Burns vs. Second-Degree Burns
Burns are classified by the depth of damage to the skin and underlying tissues.[1] First-degree burns, also known as superficial burns, are the mildest form, affecting only the outer layer of the skin (epidermis).[2][3] Second-degree burns, or partial-thickness burns, are more severe, with damage extending into the second layer of skin (dermis).[4][5]
A first-degree burn is characterized by redness, pain, and minor swelling. The skin remains intact but may be dry and feel warm to the touch.[3] A common example is a mild sunburn.[3] These burns typically do not blister.
Second-degree burns involve the epidermis and part of the dermis.[3] They are characterized by redness, swelling, and the formation of blisters.[4][5] The burned area may appear wet, shiny, or splotchy.[2] These burns are often intensely painful.[2]
Healing time for first-degree burns is generally short, resolving within a week without scarring. Second-degree burns can take several weeks to heal and may result in scarring.[2] While most minor first-degree burns and small second-degree burns can be treated at home, medical attention is recommended for second-degree burns that are large or located on sensitive areas such as the face, hands, feet, or groin.
Comparison Table
[2]| Common Causes || Mild sunburn, brief contact with hot objects || Scalding[3] liquids, flames, chemicals, electricity [2]| Home Treatment || Cool water, aloe vera, over-the-counter pain relievers || Small burns may be treated at home; larger burns require medical attention| Category | First-Degree Burn | Second-Degree Burn |
|---|---|---|
| Affected Skin Layers | Epidermis (outer layer) only[4] | Epidermis and dermis (outer and underlying layers)[4][5] |
| Appearance | Red, dry, no blisters[3] | Red, splotchy, shiny, moist, with blisters[4] |
| Symptoms | Pain, swelling, skin feels warm | Intense pain, swelling, blistering[4][2] |
| Healing Time | Usually 2–5 days | 7–14 days or longer, depending on severity |
| Scarring | Typically does not scar | Can cause scarring |
| Medical Treatment | Generally not required unless a large area is affected | May include antibiotic ointments and specialized dressings |
Initial first aid for both types of minor burns involves cooling the affected area with running water. Ice[5] should be avoided as it can cause further tissue damage. For first-degree burns, treatment focuses on soothing the pain with cool compresses and moisturizers like aloe vera. Over-the-counter pain medication can also be used.
Treatment for second-degree burns aims to prevent infection and promote healing. This may involve applying an antibiotic ointment and covering the burn with a sterile dressing. It is important not to break blisters, as this can increase the risk of infection. Medical evaluation is necessary for larger second-degree burns or those in critical areas to prevent complications and minimize scarring.
References
- ↑ "sriramakrishnahospital.com". Retrieved February 09, 2026.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 "mayoclinic.org". Retrieved February 09, 2026.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "stanfordhealthcare.org". Retrieved February 09, 2026.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 "pennmedicine.org". Retrieved February 09, 2026.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "britannica.com". Retrieved February 09, 2026.
